单双侧椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效分析

目的 对比单双侧椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性单一胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2010-06-2013-04北京积水潭医院脊柱科诊治的PKP患者451例,分为单侧和双侧入路组.评价指标:手术时间、透视次数、骨水泥量、VAS评分、椎体高度、Cobb角及骨水泥渗漏.结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术.平均手术时间、骨水泥填充量、平均手术时间、骨水泥注射量、X线曝光时间2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组术后VAS评分、平均椎体高度、Cobb角较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组骨水泥渗漏率相似,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 单侧入路行PKP治疗骨质疏松性单椎体骨折比双侧入路具有手术时间更短、X线放射次数更少等优点,能取得经双侧入路穿刺相似的治疗效果.     

股骨粗隆间骨折PFNA内固定失效的危险因素分析

目的分析导致股骨粗隆间骨折PFNA内固定失效的危险因素。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2013-10诊治并获得完整随访的股骨粗隆间骨折157例,按照内固定失效与否分为A(内固定失效组)、B(内固定成功组)2组。观察指标:外侧壁厚度、外侧壁分型、尖顶距(TAD)、螺旋刀片头所在区域、正侧位X线片上远近端皮质对位差。结果 157例获得平均14.6(12~18)个月随访,24例(15.3%)出现内固定失效。11例髋内翻,2例退钉,2例内固定切割,18例复位丢失,4例股骨颈短缩。A组外侧壁厚度小于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组TAD30 mm者比例明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.386,P=0.003)。2组螺旋刀片头所在区域及正侧位X线片上远近端皮质对位差比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组Ⅱ、Ⅲ型外侧壁骨折占87.5%,而B组仅为36.1%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=32.305,P=0.001)。结论PFNA内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折时,股骨近端外侧壁的厚度过小,Ⅱ、Ⅲ型不稳定外侧壁骨折,以及TAD30 mm可能是发生内固定失效的危险因素。     

闭合复位与切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的疗效比较

目的比较闭合复位与切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的疗效。方法自2008-01—2013-01,对采用闭合复位与切开复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗且获得随访的110例股骨干骨折进行回顾性分析,其中60例采用闭合复位,50例采用切开复位。比较2组术中出血量、手术时间、骨折愈合时间、并发症及膝关节功能评分。结果闭合复位组获得平均14(6~20)个月随访,切开复位组获得平均16(8~22)个月随访。闭合复位组手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、HSS评分分别为(84.170±15.228)min、(149.250±33.659)ml、(5.290±1.113)个月、(86.980±6.736)分,切开复位组分别为(84.940±15.745)min、(441.800±76.277)ml、(8.170±2.123)个月、(82.100±9.351)分;闭合复位组与切开复位组比较,术中出血量更少,骨折愈合时间更短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但2组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。闭合复位组术后12个月膝关节功能HSS评分较切开复位组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。闭合复位组术后2例发生骨折延迟愈合,3例出现股骨外旋畸形愈合,并发症发生率为8.333%。切开复位组术后6例发生骨折延迟愈合,2例骨不连,1例浅表感染,1例深部感染,并发症发生率为20.000%。闭合复位组术后并发症发生率低于切开复位组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折时,闭合复位疗效优于开放复位。     

多轴锁定钢板内固定结合关节镜技术治疗高能量Pilon骨折

目的观察多轴锁定钢板内固定结合关节镜技术辅助治疗高能量Pilon骨折的疗效。方法自2010-02—2013-04诊治高能量Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折22例,利用CT三维重建骨折的形态及关节面情况,术中采用关节镜辅助观察胫距关节面并协助复位,然后用多轴锁定钢板固定胫骨远端碎骨折块。通过分析末次随访的踝关节影像学形态测量结果和踝关节功能Mazur评分评定术后疗效。结果 22例均获得随访10~24个月,平均13.3个月。骨折均获得愈合,愈合时间7~19周,平均11.4周。1例出现皮肤坏死,行转移皮瓣修复,其余无深部感染、骨折不愈合、钢板外露等并发症。末次随访时均行踝关节CT检查,仅1例CT显示胫骨远端关节面欠平整,但暂无骨性关节炎表现。疗效根据踝关节功能Mazur评分评定:优(92分)15例,良(87~92分)4例,可(65~86分)3例。结论多轴锁定钢板内固定结合关节镜技术治疗Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折具有手术创伤小、固定可靠、可早期功能锻炼、术后踝关节功能恢复好的优点。     

Accurate and Easy Measurement of Sliding Distance of Intramedullary Nail in Trochanteric Fracture

Background

In daily clinical practice, it is essential to properly evaluate the postoperative sliding distance of various femoral head fixation devices (HFD) for trochanteric fractures. Although it is necessary to develop an accurate and reproducible method that is unaffected by inconsistent postoperative limb position on radiography, few studies have examined which method is optimal. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to prospectively compare the accuracy and reproducibility of our four original methods in the measurement of sliding distance of the HFD.

Methods

Radiographs of plastic simulated bone implanted with Japanese proximal femoral nail antirotation were taken in five limb postures: neutral, flexion, minute internal rotation, greater external rotation, and flexion with external rotation. Orthopedic surgeons performed five measurements of the sliding distance of the HFD in each of the flowing four methods: nail axis reference (NAR), modified NAR, inner edge reference, and nail tip reference. We also assessed two clinical cases by using these methods and evaluated the intraclass correlation coefficients.

Results

The measured values were consistent in the NAR method regardless of limb posture, with an even smaller error when using the modified NAR method. The standard deviation (SD) was high in the nail tip reference method and extremely low in the modified NAR method. In the two clinical cases, the SD was the lowest in the modified NAR method, similar to the results using plastic simulated bone. The intraclass correlation coefficients showed the highest value in the modified NAR method.

Conclusions

We conclude that the modified NAR method should be the most recommended based on its accuracy, reproducibility, and usefulness.     

Comparison of the Sliding and Femoral Head Rotation among Three Different Femoral Head Fixation Devices for Trochanteric Fractures

Background

Recently, various femoral head fixation devices (HFDs) for trochanteric fractures have become available. However, there are some cases in which femoral head rotation with excessive sliding of the HFD is observed and it is often followed by cutout. The purpose of this study is to compare the ability of the three types of HFDs to prevent femoral head rotation.

Methods

Between July 2005 and December 2009, 206 patients aged over 60 years with trochanteric fractures who had undergone surgical treatment using a short femoral nail in our institution were enrolled into the study. We used the gamma 3 nail (GMN) as the screw-type HFD in 66 cases, the gliding nail (GLN) as a non-cylindrical blade in 76 cases, and the proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) as a cylindrical blade in 64 cases. The sliding length of HFDs and the occurrence of femoral head rotation were evaluated by assessing radiographs as the main outcome, and the results were compared among these devices.

Results

A comparison of the degree of sliding in the GMN group showed that femoral head rotation was observed significantly more frequently in cases with rotation. Further, it appeared that femoral head rotation occurred more frequently in comminuted fractures. However, no significant differences between the sliding lengths of the different HFDs were observed among three groups. Femoral head rotation was observed in 15 cases of GMN (22.7%), 0 case of GLN, and 5 case of PFNA (7.8%). Significant differences with regard to the occurrence of femoral head rotation were observed among the three groups. Furthermore, significant differences were also observed between GLN and PFNA with respect to the occurrence of femoral head rotation.

Conclusions

The ability to stabilize femoral head appears to be greater with blade-type materials than with screw-type materials. Furthermore, we believe that a non-cylindrical blade is preferable to a cylindrical blade for the surgical treatment of comminuted, unstable trochanteric fractures in order to prevent femoral head rotation and cut-out.     

全肘关节置换术的临床应用及疗效分析

 目的 探讨全肘关节置换术治疗老年肱骨远端粉碎性骨折和肘部类风湿关节炎的临床疗效。方法 自2006年4月至2012年6月,应用半限制型全肘关节置换术治疗老年肱骨远端粉碎性骨折9例、肘部类风湿关节炎4例。男3例,女10例;50岁1例,大于60岁12例。肱骨远端骨折AO分型C2型3例、C3型6例。其中8例一期行全肘关节置换,1例开放性骨折（Gustilo-AndersonⅠ型）二期行全肘关节置换。4例肘部类风湿关节炎患者平均病程7.8年,Mayo分期Ⅲ期1例、Ⅳ期2例、Ⅴ期1例。全部采用铰链式-半限制型假体,以骨水泥固定。结果 手术时间120~180 min,平均150 min;出血量250~550 ml,平均400 ml;住院时间16~55 d,平均30.2 d。全部病例获得随访,随访时间15~82个月,平均 39.5个月。12例切口一期愈合,1例类风湿关节炎患者发生急性切口感染。切口感染病例病原学检查为阴沟杆菌,经二期手术清理、置管冲洗引流4周,应用敏感抗生素治疗后痊愈。该例术中截骨时发生肱骨外髁骨折,给予克氏针张力带固定,术后4个月骨性愈合。随访期间全部病例均未发生假体松动、脱位等并发症。X线片示假体位置良好,7例骨水泥界面出现透光区。Mayo肘关节功能评分优3例、良8例、可2例,优良率84.6%（11/13）。结论 全肘关节置换治疗肘部类风湿关节炎和老年肱骨远端粉碎性骨折有效,但必须严格掌握手术适应证和遵循手术操作技巧,治疗肘部类风湿关节炎时术中及术后并发症发生率较高。     

Jefferson骨折复位钢板的设计、改良及初步临床应用

 目的介绍Jefferson骨折复位钢板系统（Jefferson-fracture reduction plate, JeRP）及其相关参数,评估其改良前后的临床疗效。方法对Jefferson骨折患者应用螺旋CT三维重建排除寰椎横韧带断裂后,采用原型JeRP系统进行手术治疗,分析其初步临床应用的疗效及出现的问题。根据应用中的不足,通过寰椎三维重建模型,进行应用解剖学研究并测量相关解剖数据,重新确定寰椎侧块上、下位螺钉的最佳进钉点和长度,根据该数据设计、改良JeRP钢板并予以临床应用。术后采用颈椎过伸、过屈位X线片评估是否存在寰枢椎不稳,应用CT扫描观察骨折愈合情况。结果8例Jefferson骨折患者行经口咽寰椎骨折复位、原型JeRP钢板内固定术,术后平均随访6.3个月,所有患者术后枕颈部疼痛逐渐改善,咽后壁切口愈合良好,未见感染,骨折均达到解剖复位及骨性愈合,术后随访未见寰枢椎失稳,但其中3例患者因寰椎侧块上位螺钉穿破寰枕关节而导致颈椎活动受限。针对此问题,并通过应用解剖学测量,模拟置钉显示寰椎侧块外1/3平分线与寰椎上、下关节面交点所形成线段的中点作为寰椎侧块上位螺钉的进钉点,可保证JeRP钢板侧块上位螺钉不穿透上关节面,同时可保证足够空间置入下位螺钉,具备临床可行性。根据此结果设计出改良JeRP钢板,应用于4例Jefferson骨折患者,术后影像学检查证实所有螺钉均位于寰椎的侧块中。结论原型JeRP初步应用显示较好的疗效,但仍存在寰椎侧块上位螺钉穿透寰枕关节的可能;改良后钢板的设计更加符合寰椎的解剖结构,基本可以保证螺钉位于侧块中。     

股骨颈骨折生物型全髋关节置换术后放置真空负压引流对围手术期失血量影响的病例对照研究

目的 :比较股骨颈骨折全髋置换术后放置真空负压引流瓶,不同负压下术后失血量的差异。方法 :选取2013年1月1日至2013年12月30日采用生物型全髋关节置换术治疗的74例股骨颈骨折患者,分成高负压引流组和低负压引流组。高负压引流组34例,男10例,女24例;平均年龄(75.94±9.02)岁;术毕放置60 k Pa负压真空负压引流瓶。低负压引流组40例,男13例,女27例;平均年龄(74.93±8.90)岁;术毕放置30 k Pa负压真空负压引流瓶。对术后伤口引流量、血红蛋白改变值、根据身高体重和手术前后红细胞压积(Hct)计算的所有患者总失血量等进行观察,并做统计学分析进行比较。结果:两组患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染发生。术后第1天,高负压引流组血红蛋白改变值为(41.74±15.69)g/L,总失血量(1 217.73±459.50)ml,术后引流量(312.94±103.44)ml;低负压引流组血红蛋白改变值(34.90±12.90)g/L,总失血量(904.01±381.58)ml,术后引流量(129.25±44.25)ml,高负压引流组的数值均高于低负压引流组。术后3 d,高负压引流组血红蛋白改变值为(46.00±13.29)g/L,总失血量(1 304.72±421.75)ml;低负压引流组血红蛋白改变值为(43.87±11.39)g/L,总失血量(1 196.78±344.20)ml,两组差异无统计学意义。结论:股骨颈骨折生物型全髋关节置换术后放置引流时,根据患者术前血红蛋白、红细胞压积等情况选择负压引流压力大小,老年性股骨颈骨折选择低负压引流更为合适。